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About 20% of those who are infected with V. cholerae develop acute watery diarrhoea; approximately 20% of these individuals develop severe watery diarrhoea, many also with vomiting. If these patients are not promptly and adequately treated, the loss of fluid and salts can lead to severe dehydration and death within hours.



 

CHOLERA OUTBREAK

A cholera outbreak is defined by the occurrence of at least one confirmed case of cholera with evidence of local transmission. There is currently Cholera Outbreak in Nigeria.

 

TRANSMISSION

Cholera is transmitted by ingestion of water or food contaminated with feaces. It remains an ever present risk in many countries. New outbreaks can occur in any part of the world where water supply, sanitation, food safety and hygiene are inadequate.

 

RISK FACTORS

 The risk of cholera is considerably increased in humanitarian emergencies, when there are significant population movements and crowding in sites where displaced persons gather and frequent disruption of, or inadequate, access to healthcare services, clean water, sanitation and hygiene.



 

TREATMENT

Prompt administration of oral rehydration solution (ORS). The WHO/UNICEF ORS standard sachet is dissolved in 1 litre (L) of clean water. Adult patients may require up to 6 L of ORS to treat moderate dehydration on the first day.

Antibiotics: This is for severely dehydrated patients.

Zinc: This is used as an adjunct therapy for children less than 5 years.

 

PREVENTION

· Vaccination

· Provision of clean and safe water.

· Health Education

· Environmental Sanitation

 


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